0 The Story Behind the Foundation

0 “基地”背后的故事

On August 1, 1941, when I was a lad of twenty-one, I was a graduate student in chemistry at Columbia University and had been writing science fiction professionally for three years. I was hastening to see John Campbell, editor of Astounding , to whom I had sold five stories by then. I was anxious to tell him a new idea I had for a science fiction story.

1941年8月1日，我还是个二十一岁的小伙子，正在哥伦比亚大学化学研究所准备攻读博士，同时已经正式当了三年的科幻作家。那天，我赶着去见《惊奇故事》的主编约翰·坎贝尔，当时该刊已经登过我的五篇小说。我急着见他，是因为我有了一个崭新的科幻点子。

It was to write a historical novel of the future; to tell the story of the fall of the Galactic Empire. My enthusiasm must have been catching, for Campbell grew as excited as I was. He didn't want me to write a single story. He wanted a series of stories, in which the full history of the thousand years of turmoil between the fall of the First Galactic Empire and the rise of the Second Galactic Empire was to be outlined. It would all be illuminated by the science of "psychohistory" that Campbell and I thrashed out between us.

这个点子，是撰写一部发生于未来的历史小说，描述银河帝国衰落的始末。想必我的兴奋有感染力，因为坎贝尔很快变得和我一样兴奋。他告诉我，别把这个题材写成短篇，应该写成系列故事，把第一银河帝国衰亡和第二银河帝国兴起之间的一千年动荡期，作一个概括性的完整叙述。坎贝尔还和我共同发明出“心理史学”这门虚构的科学，作为这段黑暗时期唯一的明灯。

The first story appeared in the May 1942 Astounding and the second story appeared in the June 1942 issue. They were at once popular and Campbell saw to it that I wrote six more stories before the end of the decade. The stories grew longer, too. The first one was only twelve thousand words long. Two of the last three stories were fifty thousand words apiece.

这个系列的第一个故事，发表于《惊奇故事》1942年5月号，第二个故事则于次月刊出，立刻变得很受欢迎。于是在坎贝尔的监督鼓励之下，我在1940年代总共为这个系列写了八个故事。而且故事愈写愈长，第一篇只有一万二千（英文）字，倒数第三篇以及最后一篇则各有五万字。

By the time the decade was over, I had grown tired of the series, dropped it, and went on to other things. By then, however, various publishing houses were beginning to put out hardcover science fiction books. One such house was a small semiprofessional firm, Gnome Press. They published my Foundation series in three volumes: Foundation (1951); Foundation and Empire (1952); and Second Foundation (1953). The three books together came to be known as The Foundation Trilogy .

到了1950年代，我对这个系列逐渐厌倦，于是将它搁下来，开始创作其他的题材。然而，就在那个时候，许多出版社不约而同开始出版精装本的科幻小说。其中，一家小型且业余色彩颇浓的“格言出版社”（gnome press）以三本书的方式，出版了上述的基地系列，分别是《基地》（1951年）、《基地与帝国》（1952年）以及《第二基地》（1953年）。后来，这三本书便合称为“基地三部曲”。

The books did not do very well, for Gnome Press did not have the capital with which to advertise and promote them. I got neither statements nor royalties from them.

这套书并未卖得太好，因为格言出版社欠缺宣传和行销的资金，所以我从未拿到任何版税或对账单。

In early 1961, my then-editor at Doubleday, Timothy Seldes, told me he had received a request from a foreign publisher to reprint the Foundation books. Since they were not Doubleday books, he passed the request on to me.

后来，由于我和“双日出版社”合作愉快，1961年初，双日的编辑提摩太·谢德斯告诉我，国外有一家出版社，找他们接洽基地系列的翻译授权。但是这套书并不属于双日出版社所有，所以他将那封信转给我。

I shrugged my shoulders. "Not interested, Tim. I don't get royalties on those books."

我耸了耸肩，答道：“我没兴趣，这套书从没为我赚过任何版税。”

Seldes was horrified, and instantly set about getting the rights to the books from Gnome Press (which was, by that time, moribund) and in August of that year, the books (along with I, Robot ) became Doubleday property.

谢德斯吓坏了，马上着手向（当时已经奄奄一息的）格言出版社购买这套书的版权。同年八月份，基地三部曲（加上《我，机器人》）就变成了双日出版社的财产。

From that moment on, the Foundation series took off and began to earn increasing royalties. Doubleday published the Trilogy in a single volume and distributed them through the Science Fiction Book Club. Because of that the Foundation series became enormously well-known.

从那时候开始，基地系列才终于扬眉吐气，为我带来愈来愈多的版税。双日出版社将这套三部曲合订成一大册，透过“科幻书俱乐部”这个管道销售。这样一来，基地系列很快就变得家喻户晓。

In the 1966 World Science Fiction Convention, held in Cleveland, the fans were asked to vote on a category of "The Best All-Time Series." It was the first time (and, so far, the last) the category had been included in the nominations for the Hugo Award. The Foundation Trilogy won the award, which further added to the popularity of the series.

1966年，一年一度的“世界科幻大会”于克利夫兰举行。会中，科幻迷要投票选出“历年最佳系列小说”，当作雨果奖的奖项之一。那是雨果奖有史以来第一次（也是至今最后一次）包含这样一个奖项。最后，基地三部曲赢得这项殊荣，使它的知名度更加锦上添花。

Increasingly, fans kept asking me to continue the series. I was polite but I kept refusing. Still, it fascinated me that people who had not yet been born when the series was begun had managed to become caught up in it.

过去许多年来，有愈来愈多的书迷要求我续写这个系列，但是我都婉拒了。话说回来，我仍然十分高兴知道，那些比基地系列年龄还小的读者，竟然也会迷上这套书。

Doubleday, however, took the demands far more seriously than I did. They had humored me for twenty years but as the demands kept growing in intensity and number, they finally lost patience. In 1981, they told me that I simply had to write another Foundation novel and, in order to sugar-coat the demand, offered me a contract at ten times my usual advance.

然而，面对这些声浪，双日出版社的态度远比我严肃得多。虽然有整整二十年的时间，双日一直尊重我的意愿，可是随着千呼万唤与日俱增，他们终于丧失了耐心。1981年，双日直截了当告诉我，无论如何要再写出一部基地小说。为了让这个要求更具吸引力，合约上所注明的预付金，十倍于我通常的价码。

Nervously, I agreed. It had been thirty-two years since I had written a Foundation story and now I was instructed to write one 140,000 words long, twice that of any of the earlier volumes and nearly three times as long as any previous individual story. I re-read The Foundation Trilogy and, taking a deep breath, dived into the task.

我提心吊胆地答应下来。当时，距离我完成上一个基地故事，已经过了三十二个年头。而我这次奉命要写十四万字，两倍于三部曲的任何一部——即使其中最长的单篇故事，字数也只有这本书的三分之一。于是，我重读了一遍基地三部曲，深深吸了一口气，便一头钻进这个写作计划里。

The fourth book of the series, Foundation's Edge , was published in October 1982, and then a very strange thing happened. It appeared in the New York Times bestseller list at once. In fact, it stayed on that list for twenty-five weeks, much to my utter astonishment. Nothing like that had ever happened to me.

1982年10月，基地系列的第四本书《基地边缘》终于出版，随即发生一件非常奇怪的事，它立刻登上《纽约时报》畅销书排行榜。事实上，这本书在该排行榜停留了二十五周，令我万分惊讶。在此之前，这种事从未发生在我身上。

Doubleday at once signed me up to do additional novels and I wrote two that were part of another series, The Robot Novels And then it was time to return to the Foundation.

双日出版社立即找我再签下几本小说的合约，不久，我就为另一个系列（机器人长篇）再多写了两本书。然后，是该重回基地怀抱的时候了。

So I wrote Foundation and Earth, which begins at the very moment that Foundation's Edge ends, and that is the book you now hold. It might help if you glanced over Foundation's Edge just to refresh your memory, but you don't have to. Foundation and Earth stands by itself. I hope you enjoy it.

因此，我写成了你手中这本《基地与地球》，它的故事紧接着《基地边缘》。读者诸君若能先复习一下《基地边缘》，对于阅读本书或许有些帮助，但其实也大可不必，因为《基地与地球》是个独立的故事。最后我要说，希望你会喜欢这本书。

Isaac Asimov, New York City, 1986

艾萨克·阿西莫夫 1986年于纽约市