ES.2: Prefer suitable abstractions to direct use of language features
ES.2: 适当的抽象好于直接使用语言功能
Reason（原因）
A "suitable abstraction" (e.g., library or class) is closer to the application concepts than the bare language, leads to shorter and clearer code, and is likely to be better tested.
“适当的抽象”（例如库或类）比直接使用语言功能更接近应用概念，这会带来更短、更清晰的代码，很有可能被更好地测试。
Example（示例）
vector<string> read1(istream& is) // good
{
vector<string> res;
for (string s; is >> s;)
res.push_back(s);
return res;
}
The more traditional and lower-level near-equivalent is longer, messier, harder to get right, and most likely slower:
更加传统的、低层次的差不多等价的代码会更长，更乱，更难保证正确性，而且很有可能更慢。
char** read2(istream& is, int maxelem, int maxstring, int* nread) // bad: verbose and incomplete
{
auto res = new char*[maxelem];
int elemcount = 0;
while (is && elemcount < maxelem) {
auto s = new char[maxstring];
is.read(s, maxstring);
res[elemcount++] = s;
}
nread = &elemcount;
return res;
}
Once the checking for overflow and error handling has been added that code gets quite messy, and there is the problem remembering to delete the returned pointer and the C-style strings that array contains.
一旦增加了溢出检查，错误处理，代码会变得很乱，而且还存在需要记住销毁返回的指针和数组包含的C风格字符串的问题。
Enforcement（实施建议）
Not easy. ??? Look for messy loops, nested loops, long functions, absence of function calls, lack of use of non-built-in types. Cyclomatic complexity?
不容易，不容易。寻找混乱的循环、嵌套循环、长函数、函数调用缺失、很少被使用的内置类型？还是确认圈复杂度？
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